Abin da Ya Sa Marathon Yake da Nisa Kimanin kilomita 42.195

Daga ina ne ainihin adadin kilomita 42.195 ya fito, yadda ake auna hanyoyin tsere a yau, da kuma yadda wannan lambar ta canza a cikin rukunin horo da kuma tanadin ranar tsere.

Marathon yana da nisan kilomita 42.195 saboda yadda aka tsara hanya a Landan a 1908 da kuma doka da aka karɓa shekaru goma sha uku bayan haka ba saboda wani abu da ya faru a tsohuwar Girka ba. Wannan hatsari ne na tarihi wanda ya tsaya a wurinsa, kuma yanzu yana motsa yadda ake auna hanyoyi da kuma yawan man da kake buƙatar sauka a tsakiyar tseren. Ga inda lambar ta fito daga da kuma abin da take nufi a aikace.

Labarin Pheidippides bai ba ka lambar ba.

Labarin da kowa ya sani: wani manzo ya gudu daga Marathon zuwa Athens, ya sanar da nasarar da aka samu akan Farisa, kuma ya mutu. Matsalar ita ce, mafi tsohuwar asalin, Herodotus, ba ta bayyana wannan gudu ba a cikin asusunsa Pheidippides yana gudu daga Athens zuwa Sparta don neman ƙarfafa, kusan kilomita 246, ya isa washegari. Wannan sigar ta mutu a ƙarshen ta bayyana ne kawai a cikin Plutarch da Lucian, ƙarni daga baya. Kuma hanyar Marathon zuwa Athens kanta tana tsakanin kilomita 34 zuwa 42 dangane da ko ka ɗauki hanyar bakin teku ko kuma hanyar dutse. Labarin bai ba ka cikakken adadi ba.

Shekaru 25 na farko: kowane marathon wani daban-daban tsawon

Sa'ad da aka soma yin wasan marathon a gasar Olympics ta farko a Athens a shekara ta 1896, tseren ya kai kilomita 40. Bayan haka nesa ta motsa daga Wasanni zuwa Wasanni:

1896, Athens: kimanin kilomita 40
1900, Paris: kimanin kilomita 40.26
1904, St. Louis: shi ne mai kyau. kimanin kilomita 40
1908, Landan: 42.195 km
1912, Stockholm: kimanin kilomita 40.2
1920, Antwerp: kimanin kilomita 42.75, mafi tsawo Olympic marathon da aka taɓa gudu

Don haka tsawon shekaru ashirin, marathon yana nufin kimanin kilomita 40, duk abin da mai shirya ya auna a ƙasa. Kwatanta lokuta tsakanin tsere ba shi da ma'ana.

1908: Windsor, akwatin sarauta, da kuma 385 yadudduka

Wasannin London sun shirya zagaye na mil 26 (41.843 km) daga Windsor Castle zuwa White City Stadium. An fara farawa a kan lawn a gaban castle don haka yara na sarauta zasu iya kallo, kuma an sanya ƙarshen kai tsaye a gaban akwatin sarauta a cikin filin wasa. Wannan ƙarin tseren da aka yi a kewayen hanyar ya ƙara yadi 385, ko mita 352.

Mil 26 + yadudduka 385 = mita 42,194.99. Ƙarƙashin: 42.195 kmKa yi tunani .

Gasar kuma ta kasance abin kallo: Dorando Pietri na Italiya ya fara shiga filin wasa, ya fadi sau da yawa, kuma an kore shi saboda jami'ai sun taimaka masa ya tsallake layin. Labaran jaridu sun mai da nisan London misali na yau da kullum, kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ta amince da shi a shekara ta 1921. Tun lokacin wasannin Paris na shekara ta 1924 kowa ya yi tsere da siffa ɗaya.

42.195 km ba shi ne ma'aunin hanyar tarihi ba. Tsarin gine-ginen filin wasa daya da kuma matsayin akwatin zama daya.

Yadda ake auna wannan nisan a yau

Don yin takaddun shaida, an auna shi da keke da aka saka tare da Jones counter, wanda aka daidaita a kan shimfidar wuri na akalla mita 300 wanda aka hau sau hudu kafin da sau hudu bayan auna. Dokokin sun kasance takamaiman:

Auna yana bin tsarin da aka tsara. mafi guntu hanya mai yiwuwa: da kuma game da 30 cm daga gefen hanya, yankan tangents ba tsakiyar hanya.
A da kuma 0.1% mai hanawa gajere An kara mita 1 a kowace kilomita, don haka hanya tana da kusan mita 42,237, yana tabbatar da cewa ba ta da gajeren lokaci.
Ga bayanan: Rashin ruwa ba fiye da 1 m/km ba, ma'ana mita 42 duka daga farawa zuwa ƙarshe.
The madaidaiciya line nesa tsakanin fara da kuma gama ba zai iya wuce 50% na tseren tseren, ko 21.1 km, saboda taimakon iska.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Boston, mai daraja kamar yadda yake, ba shi da damar yin rikodin: Yana da kusan mita 136 na net drop da farawa kusan kilomita 40 daga ƙarshen.

Yadda yawan canji a cikin horo

Yawan mako-mako: 508080 km don marathon na sa'o'i 4, 304545 km idan makasudin shine kawai don gamawa.
A cikin dogon lokaci: A cikin wannan rukuni, kusan babu wanda ya amfana daga 40 km a horo saboda dawowa yana daukan kwanaki 10-14.
Tsawon tsayi: 162020 makonni, tare da mako na mako a kowane mako na hudu (ƙarar da aka yanke 2530%30%).
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Ginin da ke kusa da kilomita 32

Mai gudu mai nauyin kilogiram 70 yana ƙone kimanin kilogiram 1 a kowace kilomita, don haka kimanin kilogiram 70 / km da kusan 2,900 kcal don tseren duka. Kayan jikinka da hanta suna riƙe da 400500500 g na glycogen, wanda shine 1,6002,0002,000 kcal. Lissafi ya ƙare a wani wuri a kusa da 303333 km wannan shine bango, kuma matsala ce ta lissafi, ba lahani ba.

Carbohydrates a lokacin tseren: 609090 g a kowace awa, farawa a minti 40, ba lokacin da ka riga ka ji ba kyau.
Ruwan ruwa: 400800800ml a kowace awa, fiye da zafi; kada ku sha fiye da yadda kuke rasawa.
Ƙarfin sodium: 300600600 mg da lita na ruwa, musamman idan ka bar gishiri stains a kan ka shirt.
Karɓar carbohydrate: 81010 g na carbohydrate da kilogram na nauyin jiki a kowace rana don 364848 hours kafin farawa.
Ka yi ta maimaitawa a kan dogon gudu aƙalla sau 45. Jikinka yana motsawa kamar yadda ƙafafunka suke yi.

Lokacin da za ka je wurin likita

Kafin ka yi tseren marathon na farko: duba da ECG idan kun wuce shekaru 35, ko a kowane zamani idan kuna da hawan jini, cholesterol mai yawa, ciwon sukari, ko kuma kuna shan taba.
Nan da nan: ciwon kirji ko matsin lamba a lokacin aiki, rashin hankali ko maƙarƙashiya yayin gudu, bugun jini mara kyau a hutawa.
Ba tare da bata lokaci ba: mutuwar zuciya a cikin iyali kafin shekaru 50.
Bayan tseren: ruwan shayi mai launi da ciwon tsoka wanda ya kara muni bayan awanni 24 48 (mai yiwuwa rhabdomyolysis), ko ciwon kai, tashin zuciya da kumburi wanda zai iya zama hyponatremia daga shan ruwa da yawa.

Gajerun bayanai

42.195 km ya zo daga London 1908: Mil 26 daga Windsor da kuma mita 385 zuwa akwatin sarauta.
Labarin Pheidippides bai samar da wannan lambar ba Manzon Herodotus ya gudu kimanin kilomita 246 zuwa Sparta.
An yi amfani da wannan misali a shekara ta 1921, kuma kowace tsere tana amfani da shi tun 1924.
Ana auna hanyoyi ta hanyar keke a kan hanya mafi guntu, tare da 0.1% tsaro.
A aikace: 162020 mako block, dogon gudu iyaka a 32 km, da kuma 609090 g na carbs a kowace awa a ranar tseren.